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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
And anti-anxiety therapies.[2] See the “Benzodiazepines” section on this page for more detailed information on these types of drugs. GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate) GHB is another name for the generic drug sodium oxybate. This substance is sold as the prescription medication Xyrem. Doctors use it to treat narcolepsy. Some people buy and use illicit forms of the drug for its euphoric and calming effects. Some people who abuse the drug also believe GHB can help them build muscles and lose weight.[15]GHB became notorious in the 1990s as a date-rape drug. High doses produce sedation and memory loss, incapacitating victims quickly. However, modern users may use GHB willingly. Some even develop drug dependence and addictions due to their ongoing abuse. Quaaludes (Methaqualone)Quaalude is a street name for the medication methaqualone. This sedative-hypnotic drug was used between the 1950s and 1970s to treat insomnia. It was removed from the market in 1983 due to its high abuse risk.[16] While Quaaludes aren’t made within the United States, people can buy the drug from overseas dealers. And some street dealers offer these medications to their clients. At high doses, this medication can cause seizures, slow breathing, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Those side effects are more pronounced when Quaaludes are combined with other drugs, like opioids or alcohol.[16]Sedative-Hypnotics Sedative-hypnotics are prescription medications that calm the central nervous system. They’re prescribed to treat anxiety and insomnia. Researchers say that these medications aren’t safe for long-term use.[17] Quitting these drugs takes time, as people often need to taper their doses to avoid uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms. Common sedative-hypnotics include the following:Lunesta: Lunesta is the brand-name version of the drug eszopiclone. Doctors use it to treat insomnia that hasn’t responded to other therapies.[18]Ambien: Ambien is the brand-name version of the drug zolpidem. Doctors use it for short-term insomnia treatment. Quitting the drug abruptly can lead to withdrawal symptoms, so tapering under medical supervision is typically recommended.[19]Sonata: Sonata is the brand-name version of the drug zaleplon. Doctors use it for short-term insomnia treatments. It works quickly and can cause complex behaviors while people are sleeping (like driving). Sonata has been associated with both physical dependence and drug abuse.[20]Hallucinogens Hallucinogens can come from plants (like mushrooms), or they can be synthetically produced in laboratories. All hallucinogens can spark perceptual distortions. People may see, hear, or feel things others cannot. And some hallucinogens can cause shifts in how people feel about themselves and the world around them.[21]No medical use for hallucinogens is accepted within the United States.[21] All hallucinogenic drugs are illegal. These are the most commonly abused varieties: Ayahuasca Ayahuasca is an ancient psychedelic beverage made from an Amazonian vine. About 40 years ago, people in the United States discovered the drink and started incorporating it into shamanic rituals. Now, some claim it can help with everything from depression to addiction.[22]A typical ayahuasca serving contains multiple psychedelic compounds that work on brain cells and the serotonin system. However, it’s hard to control the brew’s strength. Some people get far too much of the substance
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